RESUMEN La berenjena es una solanacea afectada por la Marchitez Vascular (MV) asociada a Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongena que destruye el tejido vascular, causando clorosis y finalmente muerte de la planta, generando pérdidas entre 70 y 90 % de la producción en cultivos establecidos del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia. El objetivo fue identificar cepas nativas de Trichoderma spp. para el biocontrol de Fusarium spp., en berenjena. Fueron aisladas de campo cinco cepas de Trichoderma spp: TC05, TM04, TS03, TC02, TM01 y cinco cepas de Fusarium spp: FM01, FS02, FC03, FC04, FS05, en laboratorio mediante cultivos duales bajo un diseño completamente al azar (DCA) con cinco repeticiones en arreglo factorial 5x6, donde el primer factor correspondió a las cepas de Fusarium spp., y el segundo a las cepas de Trichoderma spp. y un testigo, fue medido a las cepas de Fusarium spp. el diámetro de la colonia para determinar el porcentaje de inhibición y la eficiencia de biocontrol de Trichoderma spp. siendo la cepa TC05 la mejor al inhibir entre 73 y 91,2 % las cinco cepas de Fusarium spp; posteriormente en casa malla fue evaluado el biocontrol de la MV bajo un diseño completamente al azar con cinco tratamientos y nueve repeticiones, preinoculando plántulas de berenjena con la cepa TC05 en dosis 1x108, 1x107, 1x106 UFC mL-1, una cepa comercial de Trichoderma spp dosis 1x108 UFC mL-1 y un testigo (control con agua), y 10 días después de inoculadas (DDI) con la cepa FS02. Los resultados a los 45 DDI los índices de la enfermedad foliar e índice de decoloración vascular fueron menores con Trichoderma spp, respecto al testigo con incidencia de 45 % con MV. Se concluye que la cepa nativa TC05, tiene potencial para ser utilizada en el manejo integrado de la MV de la berenjena en Córdoba, Colombia.

ABSTRACT Eggplant is a solanacea affected by Vascular Wilt (VW) associated with Fusarium oxysporum f sp melongena that destroys vascular tissue, causing chlorosis and finally plant death, generating losses between 70 and 90 % of production in established crops of the department. from Córdoba, Colombia. The objective was to identify native strains of Trichoderma spp. for the biocontrol of Fusarium spp, in eggplant. Five strains of Trichoderma spp were isolated from the field: TC05, TM04, TS03, TC02, TM01 and five strains of Fusarium spp: FM01, FS02, FC03, FC04, FS05, in the laboratory using dual cultures under a completely randomized design (CRD) with five repetitions in a 5x6 factorial arrangement, where the first factor corresponded to the strains of Fusarium spp. and the second to the strains of Trichoderma spp. and a control, was measured to the strains of Fusarium spp. the diameter of the colony to determine the percentage of inhibition and the biocontrol efficiency of Trichoderma spp. being the TC05 strain the best to inhibit between 73 and 91,2 % the five strains of Fusarium spp; Subsequently, at home mesh, the biocontrol of VW was evaluated under a completely randomized design with five treatments and nine repetitions, pre-inoculating eggplant seedlings with strain TC05 in doses 1x108, 1x107, 1x106 CFU mL-1, a commercial strain of Trichoderma spp. dose 1x108 CFU mL-1 and a control (control with water), and 10 days after inoculation (DAI) with the strain FS02. The results at 45 DAI, the leaf disease indices and the vascular discoloration index were lower with Trichoderma spp, compared to the control with an incidence of 45 % with VW. It is concluded that the native strain TC05 has the potential to be used in the integrated management of the VW of eggplant in Córdoba, Colombia.

ABSTRACT Iron and zinc deficiency is one of the main problems affecting vulnerable populations in the Colombian Caribbean, thereby generating malnutrition from the consumption of foods with low content of essential minerals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genotype-environment interaction for iron and zinc accumulation in grains in 10 cowpea bean genotypes by additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model and to select the most stable ones to stimulate their planting or as parents in the genetic improvement program. Nine promising lines and a commercial control were evaluated using the randomized complete block design with 10 treatments and four replications in 10 environments of the northern Colombia in the second semester of 2017 and first of 2018. The adaptability and stability analysis was done using AMMI model. The results showed highly significant differences at the level of environments, genotypes, and genotype-environment interaction for iron and zinc, demostrating a differential adaptability of genotypes in the test environments. Genotypes 2 and 3 expressed greater adaptability and stability for iron contents in the seed; while genotype 1, recorded it for zinc contents. These three genotypes outperformed the commercial control and, therefore, can be recommended for planting or be used as parents in the genetic improvement program.

RESUMO A deficiência de ferro e zinco é um dos principais problemas que afeta populações vulneráveis do Caribe colombiano, gerando desnutrição pelo consumo de alimentos com baixos conteúdos de minerais essenciais. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a interação genótipo x ambiente para acumulação de ferro e zinco nos grãos em 10 genótipos de feijão-caupi por meio do o modelo de efeitos principais aditivos e interação multiplicativa (AMMI) e selecionar os mais estáveis para estimular o plantio ou como parentais no programa de melhoramento genético. Nove linhas promissoras e um controle comercial foram avaliados usando o delineamento em blocos ao acaso com 10 tratamentos e quatro repetições em 10 ambientes do norte da Colômbia no segundo semestre de 2017 e primeiro de 2018. A análise de adaptabilidade e estabilidade foi realizada utilizando o modelo AMMI. Os resultados mostraram diferenças altamente significativas a nível de ambientes, genótipos e interação genótipo-ambiente para ferro e zinco, demonstrando uma adaptabilidade diferencial dos genótipos nos ambientes de teste. Os genótipos 2 e 3 expressaram maior adaptabilidade e estabilidade para o teor de ferro nos grãos; enquanto o genótipo 1, registrou-o para o teor de zinco. Esses três genótipos superaram o controle comercial e, portanto, podem ser recomendados para o plantio ou serem usados como parentais no programa de melhoramento genético.

ABSTRACT Yam is a tuber that sees high demand and consumption in Colombia, whose post-harvest quality losses during storage have been a challenge for farmers. At the Universidad de Cordoba-Colombia, Agronomy Engineering program, between March and August of 2019, a trial was established to estimate the effect of two growth regulators on the variables: tuber weight loss (TWL), tuber sprouting (TS), starch on a dry basis (SD), and reducing sugars (RS) during storage for 120 days, with evaluations every 30 days. A completely randomized design with a 4×2 factorial arrangement plus two additional treatments with three replications was used. Four concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) were tested: 0, 10, 15, and 20 mg L-1 in the species D. alata and D. rotundata, plus paclobutrazol (PBZ): 15 mL kg-1, for a total of 10 treatments. Each experiment unit consisted of 12 tubers that were preserved in darkness at 23°C and 53% relative humidity on average. ABA and PBZ exerted effective control over the sprouting and weight loss of the tubers during the first 90 days of storage in both species, which averaged 24.4%, i.e. approximately 488 g, favoring high starch contents, and did not influence the reducing sugar content.

RESUMEN El ñame es un tubérculo de alta demanda y consumo en Colombia, cuyas pérdidas de calidad poscosecha durante el almacenamiento han sido un reto para los agricultores. En la Universidad de Córdoba-Colombia, en el programa de Ingeniería Agronómica, entre marzo y junio de 2019, se estableció un ensayo para estimar el efecto de dos reguladores de crecimiento sobre las variables: pérdida de peso de los tubérculos (PPT), brotación de tubérculos (BT), almidón en base seca (AS) y azúcares reductores (AR), durante el almacenamiento por 120 días, con evaluaciones cada 30 días. Se utilizó un diseño completamente aleatorizado con arreglo factorial 4×2 más dos tratamientos adicionales, con tres repeticiones. Se probaron cuatro concentraciones de ácido abscísico (ABA): 0, 10, 15 y 20 mg L-1 en las especies D. alata y D. rotundata, más paclobutrazol (PBZ): 15 mL kg-1, para un total de 10 tratamientos. Cada unidad experimental estuvo conformada por 12 tubérculos, conservados bajo oscuridad, a 23°C y 53% de humedad relativa, en promedio. El ABA y el PBZ ejercieron control efectivo sobre la brotación y la pérdida de peso de los tubérculos durante los primeros 90 días de almacenamiento en ambas especies, que en promedio fue del 24.4%, es decir, 488 g, aproximadamente, favorecieron la conservación de altos contenidos de almidón y no influyeron en el contenido de azucares reductores.

En el Centro de Investigaciones Turipaná de la Corporación Colombiana de Investigaciones (Corpoica) (Cereté, Córdoba, Colombia -8° 31' N y 75° 58' O, a 13 m.s.n.m) se estudiaron las correlaciones, ambientales y genéticas entre seis caracteres de 24 cultivares de berenjena (Solanum melongena). Para el efecto se utilizó un diseño de bloques completamente al azar con tres repeticiones y unidades experimentales de 10 m². Los resultados mostraron que las correlaciones fueron de mayor o igual magnitud que las fenotípicas, mientras que las ambientales fueron de escaso valor. El número de frutos y el rendimiento estuvieron genéticamente correlacionados (r = 0.56, P < 0.01), la longitud y la resistencia del fruto mostraron correlación genética negativa (r = -0.68, P < 0.01) y entre el rendimiento y peso de fruto la correlación fue muy baja (r = 0.04). El número de frutos y su peso de frutos se correlacionaron de manera negativa (r =-0.63, P < 0.01). El número de frutos por planta puede ser utilizado como criterio de selección para la obtención de cultivares de berenjena de altos rendimientos.

The phenotypic, genotypic and environmental correlations between six characters of 24 cultivars of eggplant (Solanum melongena) were studied in the research centre of Turipaná of Corpoica (Cereté- Córdoba-Colombia -8° 31' N and 75° 58' W, 13 m.a.s.l.). A completely randomized block design was used with three repetitions and experimental units of 10 m2. The analyses showed that genetic correlations were of higher or equal magnitude to the phenotypic correlations, while the environmental ones had low effects on the results. The number of fruits and the yield showed a positive and highly significant (r = 0.56, P < 0.01) genetic correlation. A negative and highly significant (r = -0.68, P < 0.01) genetic correlation was observed between fruit length and fruit strength. No correlation was detected between yield and fruit weight (r = 0.04). Fruit number and fruit weight showed a negative and highly significant genetic correlation (r =-0.63, P < 0.01). It is suggested that the number of fruits per plant could be used as a selection criterium to obtain high yield eggplant cultivars.